Heater.



PATENTED JAN. 7, 1908.

C. H. BUCHANAN.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1907.

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wi/bvwooao aha w 6c Rm/P UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Eatented Jan. 7, 1908.

Application filed January 15,1907. Serial No. 352,454.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CLARENCE ll. B Uou- ANAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to heaters, and more particularly to that class of heaters intendel'l for use where a mixture of gas and air is burned in the base of the heater, and consists informing the heater with the walls of such construction and arrangement as to insure the hottest portions of the gases meeting the outer walls, and preventing the direct flow of the gases without intimate contact with said walls, together with other advantages, as fully set forth hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a heater embodying my improvements; Fig. 2 is an exterior elevation.

The base A is of any suitable construction to support what I term the body portion B, above which is the top portion (3, these parts being either circular, rectangular or oval in cross-sectional plan, as may be found desirable.

l/Vithin the base portion is a burner D which may be of any suitable construction, but as shown it has a blue-flame or Bunsen burner, having the usual slits or openings 1v for the burning of the mixture, a gas inlet pipe 2 and air inlets 3. It has been found in those burners where gas or a mixture of gas and air is burned, that if the gas is turned on without being immediately ignited, the explosive mixture thereby formed in the heater is apt to carry the flame to the air inlet openings 3 and set fire to the gas jet at a point below these openings, and to prevent this, I combine with the burner a shield 4 which ex tends downward below the openings 3 and is perforated so far below the same that the flame cannot gain access to these openings.

The base A preferably flares outward and has suitable air inlet openings 11;, and is formed into a hollow column 5 surrounding the upper portion of the burner and serving as a support for the lower plate 6 of the body portion B, which plate extends outward from the upper end of the column 5 and preferably dips downward towards the outer edge so that it is less inclined to buckle or I yield than if made horizontal, and by thus surrounding the burner by the hollow column 5 extending above the burner, 1 expose this column nearly directly to the flame of the burner so that it will become highly heated and radiate its heat outward into the room, and by forming the bottom (5 as described, so as to dip downward towards the outer edge, it will become hot by radiation from the column 5, aiding in heating the air which passes upward from the column. To further insure the heating of the bottom portion 6, as well as to throw the heated gases outward to heat the other portions of the body, I make use of a conical dellector 7 placed directly above the burner, with its lower edge sulliciently far from the bottom 6 to permit the gases to pass readily beneath this edge, and in contact with the outerplate Sof the body, which, as shown, is inclined and connected at its tom (5, so as to all'ord a rest for the feet when the device is used as a foot warmer, and to prevent the feet from sliding from this in clined surface 1 provide a lip 9 of any suitable character near the lower edge of this portion of the body.

The upper portion. of the body is a hollow casing having a slightly inclined bottom 10 connected at the inner edge to the top of the portion 8 and extending outward to the side 12, which supports the flat top plate 13, thereby forming a chamber above the conical portion, 8 of the body, with which chamber communicate the lower ends of a series of inclined tubes 14 which extend to a casing 15 of the top portion 0, and this casing 15 ,communicates centrally with a tube 16 extending dowmvard to a plate 17, which is substantially parallel to the top plate 13 of the body, and at a suitable distance above the same, and if desired I may form the top of a series of radiating l lucs 18 extending on tward between the tubes 14.

The tube 16 may be provided with a damper 19 which can be turned by a suitable handle 20, and the casing 15 may have a register 2] at the top which may be opened or closed as desired.

As thus (mnstructed, it will be seen that substantially all of the heating surfaces of the body portion of the heater are inclined, this provision being made because I have found that the use of straight 'llues or ducts has no tendency to retain the heated gases lower outer edge to the outer edge of the botunless retarded and forced down as in column 5 and tube 16, with the result that only the upper portions of these fines are heated to any material extent, and the advantages of the area of heated surface lost to a great extent, but by so forming the structure that the walls with which the heated gases pass in contact are inclined, the gases are so retained that every portion of these walls becomes heated, and the full advantages of the entire area of the walls are secured. Further, by providing the structure with walls 8 inclined outward and downward, I afford an easy rest for the feet, in order to heat or warm the same, while securing the advantages above described of having these walls inclined.

It will further be seen that by the construction described, the gases pass outward from the burner in direct contact with the outer walls of the structure, that is with the walls 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 15, 16, and 17 so that these outer walls are thus subjected. to contact with the hottest gases, derive the greatest amount of heat, and the heat is not wasted by contact with inner and inclosed walls, as in many heaters. It will be seen that the gases, after reaching the top of the structure, may be allowed to escape directly by opening the register 21, but that they may be further utilized for heating purposes by closing the register and opening the damper 19, and allowing them to pass downward below the plate 17 and between the latter and the top plate 13 of the body, so that they will escape radially outward through the exits 18, thus imparting heat to the additional surfaces of the parts 16 and 17, and also taking up the heat from the top plate 13.

While the entire top plate 13 may be flat throughout, 1 may so form it as to provide a sunken portion 22, which not only aids in deflecting the gases towards the outer portion of the casing 12, but also carries the heated top plate sufficiently far from the bottom of the tube 16 to prevent overheating the gases passing downward at this point and.

interfering with their downward and outward flow. While the structure above described may be used in the form set forth, I prefer to provide it with outlets in the inclined walls 8, adapted for connection with one or more circulating pipes E which may be extended laterally around the room or to whatever point it may be desired to carry a portion of the heated gases, thereby securing increased radiating surface, and the possibility of leading the gases to points where they can be employed to greater advantage than in the immediate vicinity of the heater itself.

The parts described may-be formed of sheet and partly of cast metal, as may be found desirable.

In order to permit the burner to be properly lighted, a suitable opening w is made at some point of the walls of the structure adjacent to the burner.

The whole heater may be inclosed as with a jacket of sheet metal when desired.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown, I claim as my invention:

1. A heater provided with a base portion having a central column 5, a burner for said column arranged within the base, a body portion having a bottom plate extending outward from the column 5 and inclined walls 8 extending upward and inward over the outer edge of said plate, a casing surmounting the said walls 8 and extending outward, and having a top plate 13, a series of inclined tubes extending from the said casing, and an upper casing communicating with said tubes.

2. The combination of the base portion and its burner, a body portion having inclined walls 8 and a casing above the same,

. K a top portion having a series of mchned tubes 14, a casing 15 to which the tubes extend, a tube 16 extending downward from the upper casing and a horizontal plate 17 to which the said. tube extends and. arranged above the top plate of the body portion.

3. The combination in a heater, of the base portion, its burner, the body portion,

its inclined walls and casing having a top plate 13 with a deflector 22, inclined tubes 14, a casing above the latter communicating with a downwardly extending tube 16, and a plate 17 extending outward from said tube.

4. The combination in a heater, of a base portion, a burner, a body portion having inclined walls 8, with openings therein, conducting pipes E connnunicating with said openings, a casing above said openings, and a top portion above said casing comprising inclined tubes 14, an upper casing 15 communicating therewith, a downwardly extending tube 16, and a plate 17.

5. The combination in a heater, of the base portion having a central column and burner arranged therein, a body portion above and supported by said column and having inclined outer walls, and a casing above said body portion, a top portion above said casing, and a deflector 7 arranged centrally within the body portion and conical in form, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CLARENCE H. BUCHANAN.

witnesses AnrnUR L. BRYANT, MILTON TiBBETTs. 

